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学習院大学（法）２
　　　(1) A nation is a community and as such is to some extent exclusive. Its members share a sense of common identity and have special moral duties to each other. The national community also has moral duties to outsiders, although these are more limited than towards its own members. Not everyone in t...
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関西大学（法）
　　Fortunately, some thinkers are recognizing that technology can take us away from life, can isolate us, and can destroy. If we listen to them carefully, though their opinions may seem extreme today, we may learn what it would be like to live as happy human beings in a time dominated by technology. ...
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上智大学（法国際）１
　　The third discipline is the one most people mean when they speak of disipline ― the Discipline of Superior Force, of sergeant to private, of "you do what I tell you or I'll make you wish you had." There is bound to be some of this in a child's life. Living as we do sorrounded by things that can hu...
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上智大学（理工）１
　　Twenty-five years ago Harrison Ford was living with his family in a rundown house near the Hollywood Bowl with a blanket for a bathroom door. After dropping out of college in 1964 and heading for Hollywood in a VW Beetle, he'd found little success as an actor. He turned to carpentry. 　　Stoically f...
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成蹊大学（法）１
　　Bertrand Russell, who did not believe in God, was once asked what he would do if, following his death, he were to encounter God after all. Russell is supposed to have answered, "I'll ask him: God Almighty, why did you give so little evidence of your existence?" Certainly the awful world in which w...
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清泉女子大学（日文・英文）１
　　It is worth noting that the modern history of Japanese children's literature began in the late nineteenth century when Western children's literature was often translated into Japanese. "Learn about the West" was one of the policies of the Japanese government, and learning from written texts was th...
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青山学院大学（文）２
　　　However, if you are to grew, you need to recognize these feelings, and, as much as you are able, put them on a shelf for a bit. Only that effort will enable you to listen carefully when others offer arguments that threaten or violate your current beliefs. This openness is important becasue many o...
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専修大学（法）１
　　We know that the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain have different cognitive capacities. These can lead to asymmetries in behaviour and in the way in which we interpret the world. Many studies suggest that the right hemisphere of the brain is more involved in the perception of emotion and in it...
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早稲田大学（商）１
　　There are plenty of people who worry about language change. England seems to be full of people who write to the newspapers and the BBC complaining about the way in which the language is becoming corrupt, without appearing to realize that the way they speak themselves is the result of thousands of ...
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早稲田大学（法）１
　　　Suddenly, almost everyone in England has a mobile phone, but because this is new, unfamiliar technology, there are no set rules of etiquette governing when, how, and in what manner these phones should be used. We have to make up these reles as we go along ― a fascinating process to watch and , fo...
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早稲田大学（理工）１
　　Americans today choose among more options in more parts of life than has ever been possible before. To an extent, the opportunity to choose enhances our lives. It is only logical to think that if some choice is good, more is better; people who care about having infinite options will benefit from t...
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津田塾大学２
　　　Two interesting books that have different points of view about animals were published this summer. (1) The author of one takes the position that every animal is an individual who should no more be subject to ownership than should one human by another. The author of the second would disagree. He l...
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東京理科大学（理）２
Trust in other people is the essential basis of social living: to survive we must believe that people do not change much, (1) if at all, from day to day and from encounter to encounter, and also that the vast majority do not set out (2) deliberately to deceive or harm us. Indeed, we must believe the...
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同志社大学（政策）１
　　　In rich countries, this is the leisure age. (1) Working hours are shorter and holidays longer, and never have so many people had so much time with which to have a good time. The average middle-class houshold is filled with (2) multiple means of using this time ― televisions, magazines, newspapers...
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同志社大学（文）１
　　Although the nineteenth century was an era of steam, the last quarter of the century saw electricity come into its own as a source of power and of light. Whether the source of power was steam or electricity, it was dependent upon coal, so that this period was one of great expansion and development...
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日本女子大学（文）１
　　We see famous people on magazine covers and on TV. They are often young and good-looking. But apart from that, why should they be famous? They have nothing special to say. These people have become "famous for being famous." Fame is not based on achievement any more. It is created by the media, and...
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明治大学（法）２
　　　Federal efforts during the past ten years to deal with rising tuition have done little to help low-income families. Both the Clinton and the George W. Bush Administrations introduced tax reductions and other programs to encourage families to set aside money for college. These programs largely ben...
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國學院大學（文）１
　　There are many writing systems in the world. English is written in the Latin alphabet, Arabic in the Arabic script, Japanese in the mixed characters of Chinese system and its own invented ones, and so on. 単語 writing system「筆記体系、文字体系」　 Latin「ラテン語（の）」　 Arabic「アラビア語（の）」　 script「筆記文字、草書体活字」　 character...
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